Origin of double‐tower raft cones in hypogenic caves     

Fernando Gázquez  José‐María Calaforra 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(14):1655-1661

In the present paper, we describe the genetic mechanism that causes the precipitation of raft cones in caves. These speleothems usually form in a hydrothermal and epiphreatic environment where dripwater, dripping repeatedly over the same spot, sinks calcite rafts that were floating on the water surface of a cave pool. In particular, the paper describes a new variety of raft cones that were recently discovered in the Paradise Chamber of the Sima de la Higuera Cave (Murcia, south‐eastern Spain) based on their morphological and morphometric characteristics. These speleothems, dubbed ‘double‐tower cones’, have a notch in the middle and look like two cones, one superimposed over the other. The genetic mechanism that gave rise to the double‐tower cones must include an intermediate stage of rapid calcite raft precipitation, caused by a drop in the water table and by changes in cave ventilation leading to greater carbon dioxide (CO₂) degassing and evaporation over the surface of the thermal lake where these speleothems formed. Calcite rafts were deposited in Paradise Chamber, completely covering many of the cones. Later, conditions for slower calcite raft precipitation were restored and some of the cones continued to grow at the same points. When the water table finally fell below the level of Paradise Chamber, the tower cones became exposed, as the incongruent deposits of calcite rafts were dissolved and mobilized to lower cave levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

川东北石笋记录的GIS4～5夏季风气候变化及与高纬气候的联系     

陈琼  刘淑华  米小建  杨亮  贺海波  朱礼妍  沈川洲  周厚云 《第四纪研究》2014,34(6)

对采自川东北仙人洞的石笋XR025进行了高精度230Th定年和高分辨率氧-碳同位素分析,重建了该地区33～ 28ka B.P.高分辨率夏季风气候变化历史.结果发现,XR025清晰地记录GIS4,GIS4.1和GIS5等温暖事件以及H3这一寒冷事件,这些事件的发生时间与格陵兰冰芯和我国其他石笋记录基本一致.但XR025记录的GIS4.1事件的强度明显比GIS4事件弱,这与格陵兰冰芯和葫芦洞石笋记录一致,但与我国其他一些石笋记录存在差异.在从H3向GIS4的转化中,XR025记录了夏季风逐渐增强的过程,这与格陵兰冰芯和我国其他石笋记录均存在明显差异,但与南极温度变化相似,可能受到了南极温度变化的影响.因此,南北半球高纬度地区温度变化可能在33～28ka B.P.对我国中部地区的夏季风气候变化产生了重要影响.  相似文献   

Bayesian age-depth modelling of Late Quaternary deposits from Wet and Blanche Caves,Naracoorte, South Australia: A framework for comparative faunal analyses     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2013

Bayesian age-depth models were constructed for two Late Quaternary aged fossil-bearing sedimentary sequences from caves in south eastern South Australia. The deposits in Wet and Blanche Caves contain dense assemblages of vertebrate fossils, largely the result of owl pellet accumulation. While individually calibrated radiocarbon determinations from the fossil sequences have provided a chronology for their accumulation, there was limited capacity available with such data to (a) temporally constrain assemblages associated with different depositional units and layers within the two sites, (b) interpret the chronological relationships among successive units and layers and (c) correlate sedimentary units and layers of similar age between the two deposits. Here, Bayesian age-depth models were constructed in OxCal for the Wet and Blanche Cave sequences, incorporating the available radiocarbon data and stratigraphic information collected during their excavation. Despite the low precision of the age-depth models for Wet and Blanche Caves which results in part from there being only single radiocarbon determinations available for a number of units and layers, the models enabled the relationships within and between the two sites to be established. Of particular utility for future faunal analyses is quantification of the temporal relationship between strata from the two sites, where groups of individual layers from Blanche Cave were found to be temporally equivalent with the longer-duration units in Wet Cave. We suggest that the use of Phase modelling, as performed here, is useful for cave deposits that have complex depositional histories and even in such instances where, as is common for palaeontological sites, few radiocarbon data are collected relative to the time-spans of tens of millennia that are often represented by them.  相似文献   

地质雷达在公路山体地质灾害调查中的应用     

阮珏  石凤仙  南爱强 《云南地质》2012,(3):417-419

对临沧市南撒至班考二级公路山体地质灾害勘察中,地质雷达取得了较好的地质效果,确定地下岩溶发育区的空间展布规律、岩溶破碎带的形态及延伸,为进一步认识山体地质灾害及其勘察治理提供了地球物理依据。  相似文献   

旅游活动对洞穴环境的影响及洞穴的自净能力研究——以重庆雪玉洞为例   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

徐尚全  殷建军  杨平恒  周小萍  沈立成 《热带地理》2012,32(3):286-292

洞穴空气中的CO2对洞穴次生化学沉积物的沉积和溶蚀有重要的影响.文中基于2010-09-30- 10-08对重庆雪玉洞洞穴CO2浓度、温湿度进行的为期8d的连续监测,并结合“十一”黄金周期间的客流量进行综合分析.结果发现:(1)受旅游活动的影响,洞穴内空气CO2浓度有明显的累积效应;温度变化幅度加大,但没有累积效应;由于地下河和滴水的影响,洞内空气相对湿度一直处于过饱和状态,这是温度没有形成累积效应的一个重要原因.(2)由于洞内外温差的影响,洞口处会形成由洞内向洞外流动的气流,使得近洞口处的空气CO2浓度  相似文献   

辽宁暖和洞石笋δ13C记录的古气候环境意义初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾宁  吴江滢 《中国岩溶》2012,31(2):107-114

基于辽宁暖和洞石笋NH33铀系测年结果,利用900条年纹层及302个碳、氧同位素和灰度数据,建立全新世大暖期内近1000年的石笋δ13C与灰度序列(8638±60 - 7748±53 aBP)。碳同位素与灰度序列细节特征变化趋势上的一致性,证实了δ13C所指示的古气候意义。在百年尺度上,石笋δ13C主要响应于温度变化,由地表生物量的变化驱动。石笋δ13C序列可进一步划分为3个气候段:(1)8655 – 8366 aBP,气候偏热;(2)8366 – 8048 aBP,气候转冷;(3)8048 – 7756 aBP,气候相对温暖。这与同时段孢粉记录具有很好的一致性。其中,8366-8048aBP的冷期与北大西洋地区“8.2 kaBP冷事件”相吻合。石笋δ13C记录中也包含一定的非气候因素,主要由渗水速率变化引起围岩CaCO3溶解量的变化造成。将石笋δ13C和灰度数据进行回归分析,可有效地剔除这一水动力因素的影响。   相似文献   

喀斯特洞穴窝穴的形态对比与成因分析——以贵州省双河洞为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张结  周忠发  李坡  曹明达  殷超  张绍云  张强 《中国岩溶》2016,35(4):432-438

喀斯特洞穴窝穴作为洞穴小形态的一种,记录了喀斯特地区地下河的演变过程和洞穴的发育状况。通过对双河洞系统中阴河洞、响水洞洞穴窝穴的规模、形态大小进行统计,对比了两洞穴窝穴形态的差异性并分析其成因。结果表明:在规模上,阴河洞窝穴分布面积较小,但窝穴数量相当可观,响水洞窝穴分布数量巨大,范围广泛,成千上万的窝穴沿洞穴通道两侧分布;在平面形态上,阴河洞内窝穴扁率要高于响水洞;在垂直剖面上,阴河洞内窝穴深宽比要比响水洞的偏大,且阴河洞窝穴以“V”型、倒“Ω”型窝穴为主,响水洞窝穴以倒“Ω”型窝穴为主,这与两洞穴水动力条件、地质构造、推移质、基岩、风化溶蚀作用等因素的不同密切相关。   相似文献   

桂林硝盐洞滴水水文和水化学动态变化特征   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

周文亮  姜光辉  陈国富  白俞  王开然 《中国岩溶》2013,32(1):51-56

为认识裸露型岩溶包气带洞穴水文水化学动态变化特征,以桂林硝盐洞滴水为例,选取桂林硝盐洞3处滴水,对滴速、电导率、pH值、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+进行监测,结果显示:(1)岩溶洞穴滴水的离子浓度与温度降水关系密切,高温多雨时节岩溶作用加快,洞穴滴水中Ca2+、Mg2+含量升高,同时强降雨会导致离子浓度产生很大波动;(2)滴水化学性质受到土壤、基岩顶板厚度、滴水量等的影响,土壤层越厚,滴水中Ca2+含量越高;(3)受“慢速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈正相关性,而受“快速补给”的滴水点,其滴水量与离子浓度呈负相关性;同时接受两种方式补给的滴水点,其滴水量和离子浓度变化剧烈,且呈良好的正相关性。   相似文献   

辽宁暖和洞石笋δ¹³C对全新世气候变化的生态响应     

张伟宏  吴江滢 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2012,(3):147-154

基于辽宁暖和洞年层石笋NH5的7个230 Th年龄和962个碳同位素数据,建立了10.6～3.5kaBP时段全新世气候及生态演化的δ13 C序列,其长期演化趋势与北大西洋海表温度变化基本一致。该记录表明,10.6～8.8kaBP,δ13 C值逐渐负偏,由-9.4‰降至-10.3‰,气候逐渐转暖湿;8.8～6.7kaBP,δ13 C值负偏显著,平均值为-11.3‰,此时,气候温暖湿润,对应于全新世适宜期,纹层计数显示其持续时间约为1 945a;6.7～3.5kaBP,δ13 C值显著正偏,由-11.3‰升至-8.3‰,干旱化趋势明显。石笋δ18 O时间序列显示出相似的变化趋势。在6.7kaBP前后,δ13 C、δ18 O均快速正偏,纹层计数显示约在40a内完成气候由暖湿到冷干的突变转型,可能是由于北大西洋海表温度降低和植被-大气系统的反馈作用对太阳辐射减少具有放大效应。  相似文献   

Palaeoenvironmental evolution of Cenote Aktun Ha (Carwash) on the Yucatan Peninsula,Mexico and its response to Holocene sea-level rise     

Jeremy J. Gabriel  Eduard G. Reinhardt  Matthew C. Peros  Dawn E. Davidson  Peter J. van Hengstum  Patricia A. Beddows 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(2):199-213

A 61-cm core was obtained from 4 m below the water table in Cenote Aktun Ha, on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The cenote is 8.6 km from the Caribbean coast and its formation and evolution have been largely affected by sea-level change. The base of the core dates to 6,940–6,740 cal year BP and overlying sediments were deposited rapidly over the subsequent ~200 years. The pollen record shows that the cenote evolved from a marsh dominated by red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and fern (Polypodiaceae) to an open-water system. These vegetation changes were controlled by water level and salinity and are thus useful indicators of past sea level. At the base, the δ¹³C_org isotopic ratios reveal the influence of terrestrial vegetation (−29‰ VPDB), but shift to more negative values up-core (−33‰), indicating an influence from particulate matter in the flooded cenote pool. Although microfossil populations were nearly absent through most of the core, the microfossil assemblage in the upper 6 cm of the core is dominated by the juvenile foraminifer Ammonia tepida and the thecamoebian genus Centropyxis. These populations indicate open-water conditions in the cenote and a major environmental shift around 6,600 cal year BP, which is related to sea-level rise in the Caribbean basin. These data fit well with previously established sea-level curves for the Caribbean Sea. Our reconstruction of the environmental history of Cenote Aktun Ha helps elucidate the floral and hydrological history of the region, and highlights the utility of cenote sediments for studying the Holocene sea-level history of the Caribbean Sea.  相似文献